Einführung

These are functions dealing with error handling and logging. They allow you to define your own error handling rules, as well as modify the way the errors can be logged. This allows you to change and enhance error reporting to suit your needs.

With the logging functions, you can send messages directly to other machines, to an email (or email to pager gateway!), to system logs, etc., so you can selectively log and monitor the most important parts of your applications and websites.

The error reporting functions allow you to customize what level and kind of error feedback is given, ranging from simple notices to customized functions returned during errors.

Anforderungen

Diese Erweiterung benötigt keine externen Bibliotheken.

Installation

Für diese Funktionen ist keine Installation erforderlich, diese gehören zum Grundbestand von PHP.

Laufzeit Konfiguration

Das Verhalten dieser Funktionen wird durch Einstellungen in der php.ini beeinflusst.

Hier eine kurze Erklärung der Konfigurationsoptionen:

Vordefinierte Konstanten

Die aufgelisteten Konstanten stehen immer zur Verfügung, da sie zum Grundbestand von PHP gehören.

Mit den obengennnten Werten (sowohl nummerisch als auch mit den Konstanten) wird eine Bitmaske erzeugt, die festlegt, welche Fehler angezeigt werden sollen. Mit den Bit Operatoren können Sie diese Werte kombinieren oder bestimmte Fehlertypen ausmaskieren. Beachten Sie, dass innerhalb von php.ini jedoch nur '|', '~', '!', ^ and '&' verstanden wird und dass php3.ini keine Bit Operatoren kennt.

Beispiele

Below we can see an example of using the error handling capabilities in PHP. We define an error handling function which logs the information into a file (using an XML format), and e-mails the developer in case a critical error in the logic happens.

Beispiel 1. Using error handling in a script <?php // we will do our own error handling error_reporting(0); // user defined error handling function function userErrorHandler($errno, $errmsg, $filename, $linenum, $vars) {     // timestamp for the error entry     $dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s (T)");     // define an assoc array of error string     // in reality the only entries we should     // consider are E_WARNING, E_NOTICE, E_USER_ERROR,     // E_USER_WARNING and E_USER_NOTICE     $errortype = array (                 E_ERROR           => "Error",                 E_WARNING         => "Warning",                 E_PARSE           => "Parsing Error",                 E_NOTICE          => "Notice",                 E_CORE_ERROR      => "Core Error",                 E_CORE_WARNING    => "Core Warning",                 E_COMPILE_ERROR   => "Compile Error",                 E_COMPILE_WARNING => "Compile Warning",                 E_USER_ERROR      => "User Error",                 E_USER_WARNING    => "User Warning",                 E_USER_NOTICE     => "User Notice",                 E_STRICT          => "Runtime Notice"                 );     // set of errors for which a var trace will be saved     $user_errors = array(E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE);          $err = "<errorentry>\n";     $err .= "\t<datetime>" . $dt . "</datetime>\n";     $err .= "\t<errornum>" . $errno . "</errornum>\n";     $err .= "\t<errortype>" . $errortype[$errno] . "</errortype>\n";     $err .= "\t<errormsg>" . $errmsg . "</errormsg>\n";     $err .= "\t<scriptname>" . $filename . "</scriptname>\n";     $err .= "\t<scriptlinenum>" . $linenum . "</scriptlinenum>\n";     if (in_array($errno, $user_errors)) {         $err .= "\t<vartrace>" . wddx_serialize_value($vars, "Variables") . "</vartrace>\n";     }     $err .= "</errorentry>\n\n";          // for testing     // echo $err;     // save to the error log, and e-mail me if there is a critical user error     error_log($err, 3, "/usr/local/php4/error.log");     if ($errno == E_USER_ERROR) {         mail("phpdev@example.com", "Critical User Error", $err);     } } function distance($vect1, $vect2) {     if (!is_array($vect1) || !is_array($vect2)) {         trigger_error("Incorrect parameters, arrays expected", E_USER_ERROR);         return NULL;     }     if (count($vect1) != count($vect2)) {         trigger_error("Vectors need to be of the same size", E_USER_ERROR);         return NULL;     }     for ($i=0; $i<count($vect1); $i++) {         $c1 = $vect1[$i]; $c2 = $vect2[$i];         $d = 0.0;         if (!is_numeric($c1)) {             trigger_error("Coordinate $i in vector 1 is not a number, using zero",                             E_USER_WARNING);             $c1 = 0.0;         }         if (!is_numeric($c2)) {             trigger_error("Coordinate $i in vector 2 is not a number, using zero",                             E_USER_WARNING);             $c2 = 0.0;         }         $d += $c2*$c2 - $c1*$c1;     }     return sqrt($d); } $old_error_handler = set_error_handler("userErrorHandler"); // undefined constant, generates a warning $t = I_AM_NOT_DEFINED; // define some "vectors" $a = array(2, 3, "foo"); $b = array(5.5, 4.3, -1.6); $c = array(1, -3); // generate a user error $t1 = distance($c, $b) . "\n"; // generate another user error $t2 = distance($b, "i am not an array") . "\n"; // generate a warning $t3 = distance($a, $b) . "\n"; ?>

Siehe auch

See also syslog().