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RFC 2378
Network Working Group R. Hedberg
Request for Comments: 2378 Umea University
Category: Informational P. Pomes
QUALCOMM, Inc.
September 1998
The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The Ph Nameserver from the Computing and Communications Services
Office (CCSO), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has for
some time now been used by several organizations as their choice of
publicly available database for information about people as well as
other things. This document provides a formal definition of the
client-server protocol. The Ph service as specified in this document
is built around an information model, a client command language and
the server responses.
1. Overview
1.1. Basic Information Model
At its simplest the Ph database can be thought of as a computer-
resident "phone book". However, it can be used to collect arbitrary
information about people, and in response to a query about an object
named in the database, return information about that entity. It is
in short a nameserver for people and objects. It was designed to
keep a relatively small amount of arbitrary information about a
relatively large number of people or things, and provide access to
that information over the Internet. In order to structure the
information the manager of the database has to decide which views to
present of the real-world objects that are to be represented in the
database. Each view is then composed of a number of fields and their
values. To support this concept Ph has the notion of named
information, i.e., categorizing information into what are called
fields and assigning descriptive names to those fields.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Even if the database resides and is reachable from the Internet it is
local in the meaning that no server is supposed to be able to refer a
client to another server which might hold the wanted information.
However a server may contain a list of other Nameservers which can be
used by clients to query other Nameservers for information.
1.1.1. Fields
A field descriptor is associated with each field and is used to
describe the type and behavior of the field. A field descriptor
includes the fieldname, the maximum length of information the field
can store before truncation, keywords describing the properties of
the field as well as free text describing what kind of information
the field is supposed to hold.
The keywords can be any of the following:
Always: Forces the field's contents to be always printed in
addition to whatever fields specified by the query.
Any: This field is always searched by queries. To be most
use ful, a field marked as Any should also have the Indexed
and Lookup keywords as well.
Change: Can be changed by the owner of the entry.
Default: Printed if no return clause is given in the query.
Encrypt: Must be encrypted before transmission.
ForcePub: Viewable/searchable regardless of the content of the
suppress field
Indexed: Fields that are kept track of in the database's index for
efficient lookups. At least one indexed field must be
present in each query.
LocalPub: May be viewed by anyone in the "local" domain or address
space. Fields with this keyword are completely invisible
outside of the "local" domain. They will not be shown with
the fields command (section 3.3), and are disallowed in
query commands or return clauses (section 3.8).
Lookup: May be used in the selection part of a query. A Field
without this keyword may not be used to select entries.
NoMeta: Wildcard searches are disallowed.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
NoPeople: No entry of type "person" may include this field.
Private: Field may be viewed by Heros (section 1.4) only.
Public: May be viewed by anyone. Fields not marked with this
keyword may only be viewed by the entry's owner or a Hero.
Sacred: Changes to the field are prohibited except via non-network
invocations of the server, i.e., from a tty, file, or pipe.
Turn: Users may turn off visibility of a field to everyone except
themselves and Heros by prefixing the field text with '*'.
Unique: Any change to the field will be rejected if the change
causes the modified field to match the same field in any
other entry.
1.1.2. Character Sets
Historically Ph has been restricted to only handle printable
characters, that is characters with hexadecimal values between 0x20
and 0x7f. Lately with the spreading of 8-bit clean Operating Systems
there is no reason to keep this limitation.
This document therefore proposes that ISO-8859-1 shall be regarded as
an alternative character set for Ph, the default still being US-
ASCII.
Clients that utilize ISO-8859-1 should request that the server return
ISO-8859-1 by using the "set"-command.
In the instance that values are stored using ISO-8859-1 and are to be
shown to a client expecting US-ASCII, the characters with character
codes outside of the US-ASCII range should be displayed in the
"Quoted-Printable" content-transfer-encoding form defined in RFC-2045
[MIME].
1.2. Standardization issues
Each Nameserver manager is in essence free to name new fields to suit
the special needs of his/her organization. But in order to make the
directory service useful outside of the organization it is
recommended that a core set of standard fields always should be
present.
Therefore this document defines a couple of standard collections of
fields (Appendix A).
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Also note that the architecture makes no assumption about the search
and retrieval mechanisms used within individual servers. Operators
are thereby free to use any kind of dedicated databases, fast
indexing software or even gateways to other directory services to
store and retrieve the information, if desired.
Ph simply functions as a known front-end, offering a simple data
model in addition to a well known port and simple query language.
1.3. Conventions Used in this Document
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server respectively.
1.4. Heros
For Ph a Hero is equivalent to a superuser or operator. Being in
Hero mode means that some or all artificial limits are removed; full
Heros may change any field in any entry in the database, as well as
view as many entries as they wish. Heros can also be limited to one
field of one other entry. Hero mode is used mostly for
administrative purposes, delegation of group authority over selected
fields, and is controlled by the acl field.
2. Basic Operation
Initially, the server host starts the Ph service by listening on TCP
port 105. When a client host wishes to make use of the service, it
establishes a TCP connection to the server host. The client and the
Ph server then exchange commands and responses (respectively) until
the connection is closed or aborted.
2.1. Command syntax
Commands in Ph consist of a keyword optionally followed by zero or
more keywords or values, separated by spaces, tabs or newlines, and
followed by a carriage return-linefeed (CRLF) pair. A more thorough
description using BNF is given in Appendix C.
Values containing spaces, tabs or newlines must be enclosed in double
quotes ('"'). In addition the sequences "\n", "\t","\"" and "\\" may
be used to mean newline, tab, double quote and backslash,
respectively.
Keywords must be given in lower case; case in the values of fields is
preserved, although queries are not case-sensitive.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
2.2. Response syntax
Responses consist of a result code followed by additional information
possibly separated by entry index and/or field name and are
terminated by a CRLF pair.
result code:[entry index:][field name:]text
Responses to some commands might be multi-lined. In these cases each
line in the response, except the last, has the appropriate result
code negated (prefaced with "-"). The last line then starts with the
appropriate result code without negation. Each line must be
terminated by a CRLF pair.
If a particular command can apply to more than one entry, then the
multilined response must be so organized that all information
pertaining to each entry is returned on consecutive lines, and that
each of those lines must have one and the same entry index directly
following the resultcode. The first entry index should be 1 and
incremented each time a new entry is referred to.
C: query hedberg return email name title
S: 102:There were 3 matches to your request.
S: -200:1: email: canheg95@student.umu.se
S: -200:1: name: Carl Johan Hedberg
S: -200:1: title: Student
S: -200:2: email: parheg95@student.umu.se
S: -200:2: name: Par Hedberg
S: -200:2: title: Student
S: -200:3: email: Roland.Hedberg@umdac.umu.se
S: -200:3: name: Roland Hedberg
S: -200:3: title: Boss of the Network group
S: 200:Ok
Commands that can apply to more than one field must have the name of
the field to which the response applies directly following the entry
index.
The text of the response will be either an error message in human
readable format, or data from the Nameserver. Whitespace (spaces or
tabs) may appear anywhere in the response, but the field name and
text columns if present must each begin with a whitespace character.
Since more than one specific piece of information may be manipulated
by a particular command, it is possible for parts of a command to
succeed, while other parts of the same command fail. This situation
is handled as a single multi-line response with the result code
changing as appropriate.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
As for FTP, the result codes are in the range 100-699 (or from -699
to -100 for multiline responses), where the leading digit has the
following significance:
1: In progress
2: Success
3: More information needed
4: Temporary failure; it may be worthwhile to try again.
5: Permanent failure
6: Phquery specific codes
Many commands generate more than one line of response; every client
should be prepared to deal with such continued responses. Note that
a command is finished when and only when the result code on a
response line (treated as a signed integer) is greater than or equal
to 200.
Clients should assume that any numeric response, within the above
mentioned ranges, are valid. Also note that the server is allowed to
send one or more lines with result codes between -199 - -100 (the
leading "-" indicates a continuation line) and 100 - 199, as status
information, before the actual results are transmitted.
2.3. Format of a search string
Matching is not sensitive to upper or lower case letters and is
normally done on a word-by-word basis. That is, both the query
expression and the entry information is broken up into words, and
individual words are compared using exact matching. If the order of
the words is important in a query, then the query string can be
surrounded by '"' (double quotes), whereby the complete search string
is matched against the information in the Nameserver database.
Word delimiters are the following characters: <SPACE>, <TAB>, <NEW-
LINE>, ",", ";" and ":" . These characters are not indexed and
should not be part of the search string.
However, special symbols, called "wildcard" characters, can be used
if the exact spelling is unknown. The '*' (asterisk, 0x2A) is used
in place of zero or more characters, '+' (plus, 0x2B) in place of one
or more unknown characters, and '?' (question mark, 0x3F) can be used
when exactly one character is unknown. If the unknown character can
be one of a limited set this can be specified by surrounding the set
with brackets, e.g., [ei] means that in that place an 'e' or an 'i'
would match.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
3. Commands
3.1. status
status
Prints the message of the day and the current status of the
nameserver.
C: status
S: 100:Qi server $Revision: 1.6 $
S: 100:Ph passwords may be obtained at CCSO Accounting,
S: 100:1420 Digital Computer Lab, between 8:30 and 5 Monday-Friday.
S: 100:Be sure to bring your U of I ID card.
S: 200:Database ready
3.2. siteinfo
siteinfo
Returns information about the servers site. Possible fields are
Version Version information for the server.
Maildomain The mail domain to use for phquery-type mail.
Mailfield The field containing the specific email address.
Mailbox Mandatory entry that names the field to use as
maildrop.
Administrator Guru in charge of service.
Passwords Person in charge of ordinary password/change requests.
Authenticate Authentication methods supported by the server,
ordered in the site-preferred way. Presently the
following options are defined:
1 attempt auto login
2 allowed to be interactive if needed
4 use ANSI X9.9 challenge/response
8 use v4 Kerberos login
16 use v5 Kerberos [KRB5] login
32 use GSS-API [GSS-API] login
64 use email login
128 password encrypted response to challenge
256 use clear-text password
512 use HMAC [HMAC] with SHA-1 of challenge string
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Example
C: siteinfo
S: -200:1:version:3.1
S: -200:2:maildomain:umu.se
S: -200:3:mailfield:alias
S: -200:4:mailbox:email
S: -200:5:administrator:roland.hedberg@umdac.umu.se
S: -200:6:passwords:roland.hedberg@umdac.umu.se
S: -200:7:authenticate:64:32:128
S: 200: Ok.
The mail fields in the siteinfo command direct how address
information stored in the Nameserver is to be used for delivering
mail.
The specific (username, host) pair to where a user's mail should be
sent for final delivery is stored in the field named by {mailbox}.
Phquery and like utilities will use this field.
To construct a useable email address from Nameserver information, the
algorithm below is followed:
if ({maildomain} is not null) then
address = (contents of {mailfield})@{maildomain}
else
address = (contents of {mailfield})
Some existing client software will not format email addresses
correctly if the value of {mailbox} is set to anything other than
"email" when {maildomain} is non-empty.
If {mailbox} is set to anything other than {email}, {maildomain} must
be reported empty by the siteinfo command. Also reformatting of each
record's {mailfield} must be done by the server before reporting it
to the client.
3.3. fields
fields [field ...]
Without an argument, a list of all available field descriptors should
be delivered. Any space-separated argument(s) restricts the list to
the named fields. Fields marked with the "LocalPub" keyword (section
1.1.1) should not be delivered outside of the local domain.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
The output of the command consists of two lines describing each
field. The first line defines the field in technical terms (max
length and field attributes), while the second line is a brief
description of what the field is intended to hold. The second
number of each response is the field id number.
C: fields
S: -200:6:alias:max 32 Indexed Lookup Public Default
S: -200:6:alias:Unique name for user.
S: -200:3:name:max 64 Indexed Lookup Public Default
S: -200:3:name:Fullname
S: -200:2:email:max 128 Lookup Public Default
S: -200:2:email:Account to receive electronic mail.
S: -200:16:other:max 256 Lookup Public Default Change
S: -200:16:other:Other info the user finds important.
S: -200:33:home_phone:max 60 Lookup Public Change Turn
S: -200:33:home_phone:Home telephone number.
S: 200:Ok.
3.4. id
id information
Enters the given information in the Nameserver's log. This command
is used by the Ph client to enter the user id of the person running
it.
3.5. set
set [option[=value] ...]
Sets the named option for this nameserver session to a value. The
default string "on" is used if no value is supplied. Used without
arguments it return the settable options and their current value.
Some common options are
echo If on, echo the client's commands back to the client.
limit Changes that affect more than the specified number of
entries results in an error.
charset Return responses to the client in the character set
specified.
verbose If on, report interim progress messages to the client.
addonly If on, change commands can only create fields in entries,
not modify them.
nolog If on, disable logging.
external If on, make Fields marked as "LocalPub" invisible.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Example
C: set verbose=off
S: 200:Done.
C: set
S: -200:echo:off
S: -200:limit:2
S: -200:charset:iso-8859-1
S: -200:verbose:off
S: -200:addonly:off
S: -200:nolog:off
S: -200:external:on
S: 200:Done.
3.6. login, logout, answer, clear, email, and xlogin
3.6.1. login
login [alias]
The "login" command allows client users to identify themselves to the
Nameserver. More specifically it identifies a client user with a
particular entry in the Nameserver and allows them to change fields
in that entry and possibly other entries. It is also necessary to be
logged in to the Nameserver to view certain sensitive fields in the
user's own entry.
In order to use the "login" command the client must prompt the user
for their ph alias and password. The client is then responsible for
(optionally) encrypting the password and sending it to the server.
This will be covered in sections 3.6.3 (answer) and 3.6.4 (clear).
C: login foo
S: 301:,:P"_Y$ONU%"SDUQ6&^`ZZ'?*#Y`A_.Z/A>?@SH>*-
3.6.2. logout
logout
The "logout" command allows a user who is logged in to the Nameserver
to logout.
C: logout S: 200:Ok.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
3.6.3. answer
answer encrypted-response
In response to the login command, the Nameserver responds with a
random challenge string. The Nameserver client encrypts the
challenge with the password supplied by the user, uuencodes the
result into US-ASCII, and returns the printable result in the
"answer" command:
C: login ppomes
S: 301:.%$&.D^67$*1?<.2S@DR:Z@M*)AV-<:4QM>#R>M*HT
C: answer M5K'F:NI(a?M?O2+-a9`48RA#ZF=L9)G)/XRS7Q^0>0@-R7X$WGb`50B]
S: 200:ppomes:Hi how are you?
The encryption algorithm is based on a three rotor Enigma engine.
There are known attacks on the security of this approach.
The answer command is also used to return method-specific responses
to the xlogin command (section 3.6.6).
3.6.4. clear
clear cleartext-password
The "clear" command can be used instead of the "answer" command to
complete a login sequence. It's argument is the user's cleartext
password. This command is supplied only to support those clients
that have not implemented one of the encryption engines used by the
"answer" command. It's use is strongly discouraged.
C: login ppomes
S: 301:E=@Y&VW^_9YVI;D5.[EB0:B)9Z#_&X$:2)/eL$VJC87
C: clear MySecret
S: 200:ppomes:Hi how are you?
3.6.5. email
email local-userid
The "email" command can also be used instead of the "answer" command
to complete a login sequence. The value of local-userid is the
user's login name on the local machine. If all of the following
conditions are true, then the email command will be accepted by the
server:
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
1) The connection to the server originates on port 1023 or less on
the client. Note: This is a system port. Port 1023 is not
allocated to this use.
2) The canonical name of the client's host matches the right-hand
side of the email address of the requested alias specified in the
"login" command.
3) The "local-userid" matches the left-hand side of the email
address belonging to the requested alias.
This is a weak but convenient form of authentication. Depending on
the information users are allowed to change about themselves and the
threat environment the server operates in, this method may be
appropriate. Servers should take care to avoid DNS spoofing.
3.6.6. xlogin
xlogin option alias
Extended login command for GSS, Kerberos v4 and v5, ANSI X9.9 token
devices (e.g., SNK/4), etc. The option is one of the values returned
in the Authenticate field of the "siteinfo" command (section 3.2).
Alias is the user's alias.
C: xlogin 16 ppomes
S: 301:DoKrbLogin started; send Kerberos mutual authenticator.
C: answer MJa8QO1cJHYz2IdWyg7uhAnixVqgCZQBWr64ciXYku1ktdu....
S: 200:ppomes:Hi how are you?
C: xlogin 4 ppomes
S: 302:SNK Challenge "024142":
C: answer 82344338
S: 200:ppomes:Hi how are you?
The answer command returns the requested quantity, Kerberos
authenticator, X9.9 device response, etc. Binary quantities are
first uuencoded into US-ASCII.
3.7. add
add field=value...
This command is used to add new entries to the database. You must be
logged in and have full Hero privileges (section 1.4) to use "add".
C: add name="doe john" id="123456789" alias="j-doe"
S: 200:Ok.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
3.8. query
query [field=]value [field=value] . . . [return field1 [field2]]
If no field is specified together with a value then the field is
assumed to be "name" and/or "nickname". When more than one field-
value specification are given in a query, entries matching all
specifications are returned (implicit AND).
It is possible to define which fields should be returned by adding a
"return" clause. If no return clause is defined the Ph server will
return a default list of fields. Typical default fields are "alias",
"name", "title", "email", "phone", "address", "department", "www",
and "other". A return clause consists of the word "return" followed
by a list of fields or the word "all". If the word "all" is used
then all viewable fields will be returned.
C: query name=doe name=john
S: 102:There was 1 match to your request.
S: -200:1: alias: j-doe
S: -200:1: name: doe john
S: 200:Ok.
3.9. delete
delete [field=]value...
This command is used to delete entire entries from the database. You
must be logged in and have full Hero (section 1.4) privileges to use
"delete".
The arguments to the "delete" command are the same as the selection
part of a "query" command. "Delete" finds all the entries that match
the argument(s) and deletes them.
The "delete" command obeys the Nameserver "limit" option, which can
be used to prevent deletion of more entries than intended.
C: delete name="doe john" id="123456789" alias="j-doe"
S: 200:1 entries deleted.
3.10. change
change [field=]value [make|force] field="value"...
This command is used to change one or more fields in one or more
entries to the values specified. The "change" command consists of
two clauses, the "change" clause and the "make" or "force" clause.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
The "change" clause determines which entries will be affected by the
command. It uses the same arguments as the selection clause of a
"query" command. The "make" or "force" clause specifies which
field(s) will be changed and the new value(s) of the specified
field(s). The "force" clause is only used to make non-encrypted
changes to fields marked "Encrypt".
You must be logged in to use "change".
The "change" command obeys the Nameserver "limit" option, which can
be used to prevent changing the field contents of more entries than
intended.
C: change alias=j-doe force password=NewSecret
S: 200:1 entry changed.
C: set limit=500
S: 200:Done.
C: change fax="(619) 555-1212" make fax="(760) 555-1212"
S: 200: 113 entries changed.
3.11. help
help [{native|client} [topic ...]]
Prints help on the Nameserver or on specific clients. If client is
specified, it should be a valid Nameserver client identifier, such as
"ph". The client-specific help will first be searched for topic, and
then the native help will be searched. If topic is omitted, a list
of all available help texts will be returned. If "native" or client
are also omitted, a list of clients will be returned.
C: help native 101
-200:1:101:
-200:1: The Nameserver echo option is set. The text of this response is
-200:1: the command you just gave, which has not (yet) been executed.
200:Ok.
3.12. quit/exit/stop
quit
Terminates the session with the Nameserver and causes the client to
exit.
C: quit
S: 200:Bye!
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
4. Security
4.1. Transport Layer
In the absence of encryption between client and server, all
Nameserver traffic is unsecure. Kerberos v4, v5, and the GSS-API all
provide encryption mechanisms, however the Nameserver protocol does
not support the means to negotiate encryption between client and
server. This implies that all traffic can be seen by other machines
having access to the network linking the client and server.
Furthermore clear-text traffic is subject to modification in transit
between client and server. Possible ways of augmenting this would be
to use something like TLS [TLS] or IPSec [IPSEC].
4.2. Server Authentication
Unless one of the mutual authentication mechanisms is used, e.g.,
Kerberos 4/5 or GSS-API, there is no way to prove the identity of a
server. Further, there is no mechanism to prove a given server is
authoritative for a set of information.
4.3. Secure User Authentication
The Ph protocol allows the negotiation of several authentication
protocols between client and server, some weak and some strong. It
does not prohibit the use of cleartext passwords, something which
should be depreciated, but is useful when dealing with some clients.
4.4. Privacy and Access Lists
Directory services like the CCSO white pages server that contain
information on persons have to consider privacy issues. This paper
describes one way of partitioning specific attributes from unwanted
access by designating them visible only to the "local" community,
visible only to the person connected with the information, or visible
only to the database administrator.
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
4.5. References
[GSS-API] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
Interface, Version 2", RFC 2078, January 1997.
[HMAC] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-
Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February
1997.
[IPSEC] Atkinson, R., "Security Architecture for the Internet
Protocol", RFC 1825, August 1995.
[KRB5] Kohl, J., and C. Neuman, "The Kerberos Network
Authentication Service (V5)", RFC 1510, September 1993.
[TLS] Dierks, T., and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol,
Version 1.0", Work in Progress.
[MIME] Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions, (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
5. Miscellaneous
5.1. Authors' Addresses
Roland Hedberg
Umdac
Umea University
901 87 Umea
Sweden
EMail: Roland.Hedberg@umdac.umu.se
Paul Pomes
Qualcomm Inc
6455 Lusk Blvd
San Diego, CA
USA
EMail: ppomes@qualcomm.com
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Appendix A
Default fields and suggested lengths connected to different object
types.
All entries: Information common to all entries
type 64
name 256
address 128
proxy 32
password 32
type=phone: Information found in a phonebook
phone 64
fax 64
type=person: Information about a human being
alias 32
forename 64
surname 64
group 32
email 128
public_key 4096
nickname 128
www 256
acl 128
type=staff: Information about an employee
empno 16
department 64
supervisor 64
secretary 64
office_location 128
office_address 128
office_phone 64
title 64
pager 64
hours 128
type=unit: Information about an organizational unit
email 128
www 256
public_key 4096
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Appendix B
Result codes
100 In progress (general).
101 Echo of current command.
102 Count of number of matches to query.
103 No hostname found for IP address.
200 Success (general).
201 Database ready, but read-only.
300 More information (general).
301 Encrypt this string.
302 Print this prompt.
400 Temporary error (general).
401 Internal database error.
402 Lock not obtained within timeout period.
403 Login would have been OK, but database read-only
475 Database unavailable; try later.
500 Permanent error (general).
501 No matches to query.
502 Too many matches to query.
503 Not authorized for requested information.
504 Not authorized for requested search criteria.
505 Not authorized to change requested field.
506 Request refused; must be logged in to execute.
507 Field does not exist.
508 Field is not present in requested entry.
509 Alias already in use.
510 Not authorized to change this entry.
511 Not authorized to add entries.
512 Illegal value.
513 Unknown option.
514 Unknown command.
515 No indexed field in query.
516 No authorization for request.
517 Operation failed because database is read-only.
518 To many entries selected by change command.
520 CPU usage limit exceeded.
521 Change command would have overridden existing field,
and the "addonly" option is on.
522 Attempt to view "Encrypted" field.
523 Expecting "answer" or "clear".
524 Names of help topics may not contain "/".
525 Email authentication failed
526 Host name address not found in DNS
527 Reverse DNS lookup does not match forward DNS lookup
528 General Kerberos database error.
529 Selected authentication method not available
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
590 Remote queries not allowed.
598 Command unknown.
599 Syntax error.
600 Ambiguous or multiple match
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Appendix C
Description of the client command language using the augmented
Backus-Naur Form (RFC822).
response = code [index] [field] text CRLF
code = [-] LDIG 2DIGIT ":"
index = number ":"
field = 1*SPACE attribute ":" 1*SPACE
text = 1*( CHAR / LWSP-char )
command = ph-command CRLF
ph-command = "status" / a-command / oa-command
ph-command =/ av-command / answer-command / query-command
ph-command =/ delete-command / change-command / "help" / quit-command
a-command = ("siteinfo"/"fields"/"id"/"login"/"help"/"email"/
"clear") [attribute]
oa-command = ("xlogin") number attribute
av-command = ("set"/"add"/"make") 1*attribute-value
answer-command = ("answer") 1*printable
query-command = ("query"/"ph") 1*selection ["return" 1*attribute]
quit-command = "quit" / "exit" / "stop"
change-command = "change" 1*selection make 1*attribute-value
delete-command = "delete" selection
selection = value / attribute-value
attribute-value = attribute "=" value
value = 1*(cstring / quoted-string / set)
cstring = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / S_SPEC / set / quoted-pair )
attribute = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / "_" / "-" )
number = 1*(DIGIT)
quoted-string = <"> 1*(qtext/quoted-pair) <">
quoted-pair = "\" CHAR
qtext = 1*( CHAR / CR / SPEC1 / DELIMIT1 / DELIMIT2 / LWS )
set = '[' 1*(ALPHA/DIGIT) ']'
LWSP-char = SPACE / HTAB
LWS = 1*([CRLF] (LWSP-char))
CRLF = CR LF
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
S_SPEC = '*'/'+'/'?'
SPEC1 = "=" / "*" / "?" / "+" / "[" / "]"
SPEC2 = "\" / """
DELIMIT1 = SPACE / HTAB / LF
DELIMIT2 = "," / ";" / ":"
PRINTABLE = %d32..%d126
CTL = %d0..%d31 / %d127..%d160
ALPHA = %d65..%d90 / %d97..%d122
DIGIT = %d48..%d57
LDIG = %d49..%d54
SPACE = %d32
SEP = (CR LF) / LF
CR = %d13
LF = %d10
HTAB = %d9
CHAR = %d33..%d126 / %d160..%d255
OTHER = "(" / ")" / "-" / "." / "/"
"@" / "$" / "_" / "!" / "~" /
"'" / "#" / "&" / "<" / ">" /
"^" / "`" / "{" / "|" / "}"
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RFC 2378 The CCSO Nameserver (Ph) Architecture September 1998
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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